HazelFan wants to build a rooted tree. The tree has n nodes labeled 0 to n−1, and the father of the node labeled i is the node labeled ⌊i−1k⌋. HazelFan wonders the size of every subtree, and you just need to tell him the XOR value of these answers.
1857: Build a tree
时间限制: 2 Sec 内存限制: 128 MB提交: 7 解决: 6
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题目描述
输入描述
The first line contains a positive integer T(1≤T≤5), denoting the number of test cases.
For each test case:
A single line contains two positive integers n,k(1≤n,k≤10^18).
For each test case:
A single line contains two positive integers n,k(1≤n,k≤10^18).
输出描述
For each test case:
A single line contains a nonnegative integer, denoting the answer.
A single line contains a nonnegative integer, denoting the answer.
样例输入
2
5 2
5 3样例输出
7
6来源
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